Gunhild SVENDSDATTER was born Unknown in unknown. She died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: King Sweyn II of DENMARK. King Sweyn II of DENMARK and Gunhild SVENDSDATTER were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: King Eric I of DENMARK.

Adelaide of SWABIA was born Unknown in unknown. She died Unknown in unknown. Parents: Duke Rudolf von Rheinfeld of SWABIA and Adelaide.

Spouse: King Ladislaus I of HUNGARY. King Ladislaus I of HUNGARY and Adelaide of SWABIA were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Piroska of HUNGARY.

Bertha of SWABIA was born Unknown in unknown. She died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: King Rudolph II of BURGUNDY and Italy. King Rudolph II of BURGUNDY and Italy and Bertha of SWABIA were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Adelaide of ITALY, King Conrad of BURGUNDY.

Duke Conrad II of SWABIA and Rothenburg was born in 1173. He died in 1196. Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and Beatrix of BURGUNDY.

Duke Frederic V of SWABIA was born in 1164. He died in 1170. Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and Beatrix of BURGUNDY.

Duke Frederick I of SWABIA was born in 1050 in unknown. He died on 21 Jul 1105 in unknown. Frederick I von Staufen (1050-July 21, 1105) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death. He was the first ruler of Swabia of the House of Hohenstaufen. In 1089, Frederick married Agnes of Germany, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. They had several sons and daughters, amongst whom were:

Frederick II of Swabia (1090-1147), the father of Frederick Barbarossa
Conrad III, king of Germany (1093-1152Frederick I von Staufen (1050-July 21, 1105) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death. He was the first ruler of Swabia of the House of Hohenstaufen. In 1089, Frederick married Agnes of Germany, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. They had several sons and daughters, amongst whom were:

Frederick II of Swabia (1090-1147), the father of Frederick Barbarossa
Conrad III, king of Germany (1093-1152).

Spouse: Agnes of GERMANY. Duke Frederick I of SWABIA and Agnes of GERMANY were married in 1089 in unknown. Children were: Duke Frederick II of SWABIA, Conrad III of GERMANY.

Duke Frederick II of SWABIA was born in 1090 in unknown. He died in 1147 in unknown. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (1090 - 1147) was duke of Swabia, succeeding his father, duke Frederick I in 1105. In 1121 he married Judith of Bavaria, a member of the powerful House of Guelph.

On the death of Emperor Henry V, his uncle, Frederick stood for election as King of Germany with the support of his younger brother Conrad of Swabia and several houses. However, he lost this election of 1125 to Lothar II, crowned Emperor later in 1133.

A conflict erupted between Frederick and his supporters, and Lothar. Encouraged by Albert, Archbishop of Mainz, who loathed the supporters of the late Emperor Henry V, Lothar besieged Nuremberg in 1127. Frederick's second wife, Agnes, was the niece of his old enemy Albert of Mainz.

According to Otto of Freising, Frederick was "so faithful a knight to his sovereign and so helpful a friend to his uncle that by valor he supported the tottering honor of the realm, fighting manfully against its foes..."

Family
Frederick's descendants were:

From Judith of Bavaria (1100-1132)
Frederick III Barbarossa (1122-1190), duke of Swabia and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick I
Judith of Hohenstaufen (1123-1195), married Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine
From Agnes of Saarbrücken (d.~1147)
Conrad of Hohenstaufen, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1134-1195)
Clarissa of Hohenstaufen (1135-1191), married Ludwig II, Duke of Thuringia.

Parents: Duke Frederick I of SWABIA and Agnes of GERMANY.

Spouse: Judith of BAVARIA. Duke Frederick II of SWABIA and Judith of BAVARIA were married in 1121 in unknown. Children were: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, Judith of HOHENSTAUFEN.

Spouse: Agnes of HOHENSTAUFEN. Duke Frederick II of SWABIA and Agnes of HOHENSTAUFEN were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Count Palatine of the Rhine Conrad of HOHENSTAUFEN, Clarissa of HOHENSTAUFEN.

Duke Frederick VI of SWABIA was born in 1167. He died in 1191. Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and Beatrix of BURGUNDY.

Gisela of SWABIA was born Unknown in unknown. She died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II. Holy Roman Emperor Conrad II and Gisela of SWABIA were married in 1016 in unknown. Children were: Holy Roman Emperor Henry III.

Judith of SWABIA was born between 1047 and 1054 in Goslar. She died between 14 Mar 1092 and 1096 in unknown. Judith of Swabia (1047 - 1093/1095) was the daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry III and Agnes de Poitou.

She was first married to Solomon of Hungary and then to Ladislaus I Herman, duke of Poland, the father of Boleslaw III of Poland. When she married she changed her name to Sophia.

Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Henry III and Agnes DE POITOU.

Spouse: Duke Wladyslaw I Herman of POLAND. Duke Wladyslaw I Herman of POLAND and Judith of SWABIA were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Duke Boleslaw III Wrymouth of POLAND, Agnes of GANDERSHEIM.

Spouse: King Solomon of HUNGARY. King Solomon of HUNGARY and Judith of SWABIA were married Unknown in unknown.

Duke Liutdolf of SWABIA was born in 930. He died on 6 Sep 957. Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Otto I and Edith of WESSEX.

Margaret of SWABIA. Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Richina of WOLFS'ODEN.

King of Germany, Philip of SWABIA was born in 1177 in unknown. He died on 21 Jun 1208 in Bamberg, Germany. Philip of Swabia (1177-1208) was king of Germany and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV

Philip was the fifth and youngest son of the emperor Frederick I and Beatrix, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and consequently brother of the emperor Henry VI. He entered the clergy, was made provost of Aix-la-Chapelle, and in 1190 or 1191 was chosen bishop of Würzburg. Having accompanied his brother Henry to Italy in 1191, Philip forsook his ecclesiastical calling, and, travelling again to Italy, was made duke of Tuscany in 1195 and received an extensive grant of lands. In 1196 he became duke of Swabia, on the death of his brother Conrad; and in May 1197 he married Irene Angelina, daughter of the Byzantine emperor, Isaac II, and widow of Roger III, Titular King of Sicily, a lady who is described by Walther von der Vogelweide as " the rose without a thorn, the dove without guile."

Philip enjoyed his brother's confidence to a very great extent, and appears to have been designated as guardian of the young Frederick, afterwards the emperor Frederick II, in case of his father's early death. In 1197 he had set out to fetch Frederick from Sicily for his coronation when he heard of the emperor's death and returned at once to Germany. He appears to have desired to protect the interests of his nephew and to quell the disorder which arose on Henry's death, but events were too strong for him. The hostility to the kingship of a child was growing, and after Philip had been chosen as defender of the empire during Frederick's minority he consented to his own election. He was elected German king at Muhlhausen on March 8, 1198, and crowned at Mainz on the September 8 following.

Meanwhile a number of princes hostile to Philip, under the leadership of Adolph, Archbishop of Cologne, had elected an anti-king in the person of Otto, second son of Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony. In the war that followed, Philip, who drew his principal support from south Germany, met with considerable success. In 1199 he received further accessions to his party and carried the war into his opponent's territory, although unable to obtain the support of Pope Innocent III, and only feebly assisted by his ally Philip Augustus, king of France. The following year was less favourable to his arms; and in March 1201 Innocent took the decisive step of placing Philip and his associates under the ban, and began to work energetically in favour of Otto.

Also in 1201, Philip was visited by his cousin Boniface of Montferrat, the leader of the Fourth Crusade. The Crusaders were by this time under Venetian control and were besieging Zara on the Adriatic Sea. Although Boniface's exact reasons for meeting with Philip are unknown, while at Philip's court he also met Alexius Angelus, Philip's brother-in-law. Alexius convinced Boniface, and later the Venetians, to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and restore Isaac II to the throne, as he had recently been deposed by Alexius III, Alexius and Irene's uncle.

The two succeeding years were still more unfavourable to Philip. Otto, aided by Ottokar I, king of Bohemia, and Hermann I, landgrave of Thuringia, drove him from north Germany, thus compelling him to seek by abject concessions, but without success, reconciliation with Innocent. The submission to Philip of Hermann of Thuringia in 1204 marks the turning-point of his fortunes, and he was soon joined by Adolph of Cologne and Henry I, Duke of Brabant.

On January 6, 1205 he was crowned again with great ceremony by Adolph at Aix-la-Chapelle, though it was not till 1207 that his entry into Cologne practically brought the war to a close. A month or two later Philip was loosed from the papal ban, and in March 1208 it seems probable that a treaty was concluded by which a nephew of the pope was to marry one of Philip's daughters and to receive the disputed dukedom of Tuscany. Philip was preparing to crush the last flicker of the rebellion in Brunswick-Lüneburg when he was murdered at Bamberg, on June 21, 1208, by Otto of Wittelsbach, count palatine in Bavaria, to whom he had refused the hand of one of his daughters. Philip was a brave and handsome man, and contemporary writers, among whom was Walther von der Vogelweide, praise his mildness and generosity.

References
Peter Csendes, Philipp von Schwaben. Ein Staufer im Kampf um die Macht, 2003.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Philip's descendants
Philip of Swabia married Irene Angelina, daughter of Isaac II Angelus on May 25, 1197. Their four daughters were:

Beatrice of Hohenstaufen (1198-1212), married Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Cunigunde of Hohenstaufen (1200-1248), married King Wenceslaus I, King of Bohemia
Mary of Hohenstaufen (1201-1235), married Henry II, Duke of Brabant
Elizabeth of Hohenstaufen (1203-1235), married King Ferdinand III of Castile.

Parents: Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I and Beatrix of BURGUNDY.

Spouse: Irene Angelina. King of Germany, Philip of SWABIA and Irene Angelina were married on 25 May 1197 in unknown. Children were: Marie of HOHENSTAUFEN, Beatrice of HOHENSTAUFEN, Cunigunde of HOHENSTAUFEN, Elizabeth of HOHENSTAUFEN.

Duke Rudolf von Rheinfeld of SWABIA was born before 1057 in unknown. He died on 15 Oct 1080 in unknown. Rudolph of Rheinfelden (in German, Rudolf von Rheinfeld, and in Italian Rodolfo di Svevia), died October 15, 1080, was Duke of Swabia (1057-1079) and German antiking (1077-1080). He was the son of Count Kuno of Rheinfelden.

In 1057 Rudolf took advantage of the minority of German King Henry IV by kidnapping Matilda, the king's half-sister. Rudolf demanded, and received, Matilda's hand in marriage (1059), as well as the Duchy of Swabia and administration of the Kingdom of Burgundy. In 1060 Matilda died, and Rudolf remarried in 1066 to Adelheid, daughter of Otto of Savoy.

Rudolf, who was a brother-in-law to Henry, at first supported the king's campaigns. He helped him in Thuringia and Saxony and was a primary force in the First Battle of Langensalza against the rebels. However, when the Investiture Controversy broke out and Henry was excommunicated, Rudolf met with several other nobles to decide on a course of action. Despite the lifting of the excommunication in 1077, the revolters continued with their plans. At Forchheim, Rudolf was elected antiking in March. He promised to respect the electoral concept of the monarchy, and declared his willingness to be subservient to the pope.

In May Rudolf was crowned at Mainz, but the people of the city revolted and he was forced to flee to Saxony. This presented a problem, since Saxony was cut off from his duchy of Swabia by the king's lands. He then gave Swabia to his son Berthold and attempted to rectify this situation by besieging Würzburg, but to little effect. Meanwhile, he was deprived of Swabia by the Diet at Ulm in May, and Henry gave the duchy to Frederick of Büren, the first Hohenstaufen ruler.

The following year, the battle of Mellrichstadt (August 7), proved indecisive. Rudolf found difficulties in convincing the Saxons to fight beyond their borders; they viewed Rudolf as a southerner and distrusted him. He was also frustrated by the apparent reluctance by the pope in recognizing his cause. In order to gain and maintain supporters, he was forced to grant large parts of the crown lands, as well as those of the church. Nevertheless, things seemed to be improving in 1080. The battle of Flarchheim (January 27, 1080) went well in his favor. On March 7, the pope finally excommunicated Henry again and recognized Rudolf as king.

Emboldened, his forces met Henry's at the Elster River. The battle, which took place on October 15, would have been a huge victory for the anti-royalists. However, in the battle Rudolf lost his right hand and was wounded in the abdomen. Withdrawing to nearby Merseburg, he there died. The anti-royalist cause soon deteriorated, with no one able to replace Rudolf.

Parents: Count Kuno of RHEINFELDEN.

Spouse: Adelaide. Duke Rudolf von Rheinfeld of SWABIA and Adelaide were married in 1066 in unknown. Children were: Adelaide of SWABIA.

Spouse: Matilda. Duke Rudolf von Rheinfeld of SWABIA and Matilda were married in 1059 in unknown.

Bessie Mae SWAGGART was born on 26 May 1891 in unknown. She died on 9 Nov 1967 in Washington County, Indiana. Parents: John T SWAGGART and Sarah Ann GOODPASTER.

Spouse: Vergil HATTABAUGH. Vergil HATTABAUGH and Bessie Mae SWAGGART were married on 3 Jun 1914 in Salem, Indiana. Children were: Dorothy Bernice HATTABAUGH, Woodrow John HATTABAUGH.

Delphia SWAGGART was born in 1895 in unknown. She died Unknown in unknown. Parents: John T SWAGGART and Sarah Ann GOODPASTER.

Dewey Murl SWAGGART was born on 4 Jul 1900 in Washington County, Indiana. He died on 8 Nov 1971 in Iowa City, Iowa. Parents: John T SWAGGART and Sarah Ann GOODPASTER.

Spouse: Lova Geraldine WOLFE. Dewey Murl SWAGGART and Lova Geraldine WOLFE were married on 3 Jul 1928 in Marengo, Iowa.

John T SWAGGART was born on 10 Jul 1865 in Indiana. He died on 4 Mar 1906 in Washington County, Indiana.

Spouse: Sarah Ann GOODPASTER. John T SWAGGART and Sarah Ann GOODPASTER were married on 23 Aug 1888 in Salem, Indiana. Children were: Nellie SWAGGART, Bessie Mae SWAGGART, Delphia SWAGGART, Dewey Murl SWAGGART.

Nellie SWAGGART was born on 21 Dec 1889 in Washington County, Indiana. She died on 5 Sep 1969 in Pendleton, Madison, Indiana. Parents: John T SWAGGART and Sarah Ann GOODPASTER.

Spouse: Ira A NICHOLS. Ira A NICHOLS and Nellie SWAGGART were married on 1 Jun 1910 in Washington County, Indiana.

Susan SWAGGART was born on 3 Sep 1850 in Fulton County Ohio. She died on 21 Jul 1943 in Eugene, Oregon. She was buried in Rest Haven Memorial Park, Eugene, Oregon.

Spouse: Thurston GOODPASTURE. Thurston GOODPASTURE and Susan SWAGGART were married on 7 Jan 1877 in Lane County, Oregon. Children were: C. F. GOODPASTURE, Benjamin Franklin GOODPASTURE.

Luella SWAIN was born about 1884 in Grand Junction, Greene, Iowa. She died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Clarence CROOKS. Clarence CROOKS and Luella SWAIN were married Unknown in unknown.

Myrtle Irene SWALLOW was born about 1944 in Adams County, Illinois. She died on 23 Oct 1944 in Adams County, Illinois. Parents: Walter Calhoun SWALLOW and Dorothy Reaugh LIGGETT.

Walter Calhoun SWALLOW was born on 15 Aug 1914 in Mississippi. He died on 4 Apr 1967 in Camp Point, Adams, Illinois.

Spouse: Dorothy Reaugh LIGGETT. Walter Calhoun SWALLOW and Dorothy Reaugh LIGGETT were married on 1 Jun 1940 in Camp Point, Adams, Illinois. Children were: Myrtle Irene SWALLOW.

Ealdgyth SWAN-NECK died in 1086 in unknown. She was born Unknown in unknown. Ealdgyth Swan-neck, also known as Edith the Fair,

Spouse: King Harold II of ENGLAND. Ealdgyth Swan-neck was his Mistress. Children were: Gytha of WESSEX.

Clara Dale SWANGO was born on 14 Sep 1858 in Morgan County, Kentucky. She died on 23 Apr 1933 in unknown.

Spouse: Asa Burton PIERATT. Asa Burton PIERATT and Clara Dale SWANGO were married on 21 Dec 1881 in Kentucky. Children were: Dorsey W. PIERATT, Raney Morton PIERATT.

Elizabeth "Lizzie" SWANGO was born on 16 Apr 1854 in Kentucky. She died on 15 Feb 1881 in unknown. She was buried in Ezel Cemetery, Morgan County, Kentucky.

Spouse: Raney Maxey PIERATT. Raney Maxey PIERATT and Elizabeth "Lizzie" SWANGO were married on 11 Sep 1872 in Morgan County, Kentucky. Children were: Clara Dale PIERATT, Eli Buford PIERATT.

Emma Jane SWANGO was born unknown in unknown. She died unknown in unknown.

Spouse: William H. Burns KASH. William H. Burns KASH and Emma Jane SWANGO were married unknown in unknown.

Robert Brian SWANGO Jr was born on 28 Feb 1922 in Kentucky. He died on 7 Jun 1984 in Melborne, Brevard, Florida.

Spouse: . Children were: Living, Living.

Rose Ellen SWANGO was born on 5 Nov 1850 in Morgan County, Kentucky. She died on 30 Sep 1925 in Montgomery County, Kentucky.

Spouse: Joseph Morton PIERATT. Joseph Morton PIERATT and Rose Ellen SWANGO were married on 18 Sep 1870 in Hazel Green, Kentucky. Children were: Stephen Dorsey PIERATT, Green Berry PIERATT, Elizabeth Morton "Lizzie" PIERATT.

Roosevelt SWARTZ was born on 26 Sep 1904 in Brethitt County, Kentucky. He died on 6 Jan 1983 in Rowan County, Kentucky.

Spouse: Grace May SHULTZ. Roosevelt SWARTZ and Grace May SHULTZ were married on 15 May 1925 in Owingsville, Bath, Kentucky. Children were: Living, Living, Living, Living, Living, Living, Living, Living, Living, Living.

John Elijah SWEARINGEN was born Unknown in unknown. He died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Emily Elizabeth CARPENTER. John Elijah SWEARINGEN and Emily Elizabeth CARPENTER were married on 16 Sep 1861 in unknown.

Semi-legendary King Anund Uppsale of SWEDEN was born Unknown in unknown. He died Unknown in unknown. Anund Uppsale or Anoundus (Old Norse: Önundr Uppsali) ruled Sweden together with his brother Björn at Haugi, according to Rimbert and Hervarar saga (he and Björn are also mentioned by Adam of Bremen). He is probably called Uppsale because he stayed at Gamla Uppsala, the religious centre.

Rimbert recounts that Anoundus and his brother Björn, succeed king Erik and that Anund was driven away from his country. The reason is unknown, but Rimbert relates that Björn invited the Christian missionary Ansgar. Adam of Bremen relates that a king named Anund accepted the faith and was driven away after refusing to sacrifice at the Temple at Uppsala.

Sometime in the 840s, Anund returns to Sweden with a large Danish host of 21 longships and 11 of his own, because Anund had promised them rich plunder in Birka, and they arrived when Björn at Hauge was far away. Anund demanded one hundred marks of silver, which was granted. The Danes felt tricked and wanted to make a surprise attack on Birka in order to burn it and plunder it, but then Anund tried to avert their plans. He asked them to draw lots about whether it was the will of the Aesir that Birka should be destroyed (they were probably casting runes). The outcome was that the destruction of Birka would bring bad luck to the Danes. They then asked where to go for plunder and the answer was to go to a Slavic town. The Danes left Birka but returned with rich booty.

Anund then stayed to seek reconciliation with his people and his son Erik succeeded him on the Swedish throne.

Parents: Semi-legendary King Eric I of SWEDEN.

Children were: Semi-Legendary King Eric III of SWEDEN.

Semi-Legendary King Bjorn Eriksson III of SWEDEN was born before 882 in unknown. He died Unknown in unknown. Björn (ruled 882-932) was the father of Olof (II) Björnsson and Eric the Victorious, and he was the grand-father of Styrbjörn the Strong, according to the Hervarar saga and Harald Fairhair's saga. The latter saga relates that he ruled for 50 years. According to the two sagas, he was the son of an Erik who fought Harald Fairhair and who succeeded the brothers Björn at Hauge and Anund Uppsale. Erik Anundsson is the only Erik who fits.

In Olaf the Holy's saga, Snorri Sturluson quotes Thorgny Lawspeaker on king Björn:

My father, again, was a long time with King Bjorn, and was well acquainted with his ways and manners. In Bjorn's lifetime his kingdom stood in great power, and no kind of want was felt, and he was gay and sociable with his friends.
When Björn died Olof and Eric were elected to be co-rulers of Sweden. Eric would however disinherit his nephew Styrbjörn.

Adam of Bremen, however, only gives Emund Eriksson as the predecessor of Eric the Victorious. Since the Swedes seem to have had a system of co-rulership (Diarchy), it is probable that Emund Eriksson was a co-ruler of Björn's.

Parents: Semi-Legendary King Eric III of SWEDEN.

Children were: King Eric VI of SWEDEN, Olof BJORNSSON II.

Semi-legendary King Björn Ironside of SWEDEN was born before 785 in unknown. He died Unknown in unknown. Björn Ironside (Old Norse: Björn Járnsíða, Swedish: Björn Järnsida) Swedish king (ca 785-800) was a legendary viking from the 8th century. He was one of the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok. He pillaged in Italy and took part in the conquest of Paris with his father Ragnar Lodbrok.

He acquired the name Ironside because he was never wounded in battle. This invulnerability was attributed to his mother Aslaug's use of seid in order to make him impervious to iron and steel.

According to Hervarar saga he inherited Sweden from his father while his brother Sigurd Snake-Eye inherited the remainder of Scandinavia.

The dynasty he founded is called the House of Munsö by modern historians, because a local tradition claims that he is buried in Björnshögen at Husby on the island of Munsö. Many of his dynasty were to be named Björn.

He had two sons, Refil and Erik Björnsson, and Erik succeeded him on the throne.

Parents: Semi-legendary King Ragnar Lodbrok of SWEDEN.

Children were: Semi-legendary King Eric I of SWEDEN, Refil.

Christine of SWEDEN was born Unknown in unknown. She died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Grand Prince Mstislav of KIEV. Grand Prince Mstislav of KIEV and Christine of SWEDEN were married in 1095 in unknown. Children were: Ingeborg of KIEV, Malmfrid, Eupraxia, Vsevolod of NOVGOROD, Maria, Iziaslav II of KIEV, Rostislav of KIEV, Sviatopolk of PSKOV, Rogneda, Xenia.

Semi-legendary King Eric I of SWEDEN was born Unknown in unknown. He died Unknown in unknown. Erik Björnsson was one of the sons of Björn Ironside, and according to Hervarar saga he succeeded his father on the Swedish throne. The saga states that he ruled for a short time, and was succeeded by his nephew Erik Refilsson. Both Erik Björnsson's sons, Anund Uppsale and Björn at Hauge, were to be kings of Sweden.

Parents: Semi-legendary King Björn Ironside of SWEDEN.

Children were: Semi-legendary King Anund Uppsale of SWEDEN, Björn at HAUGI.

Semi-Legendary King Eric III of SWEDEN died in 882 in unknown. He was born Unknown in unknown. Erik Anundsson (d. 882) was a Swedish king who ruled during the 9th century. He is given as the son of Anund Uppsale in Hervarar saga.

Eric was the son of king Anund, and he succeeded his father at Upsala; he was a rich king. During his reign, Harald Fairhair came to power in Norway, Harald was the first of his kin to reign as a monarch in Norway.
However, the Erik who was contemporary with Harald Fairhair is called Eymundsson by Snorri Sturluson. Since the preceding king is confirmed as Anund by other sources (Rimbert and Adam of Bremen), Anundsson is probably the correct form of the patronym. The Swedish encyclopedia Nordisk familjebok identifies him with the legendary Swedish king Erik Weatherhat.

According to Hervarar saga, he was preceded by his father Anund Uppsale and uncle Björn at Hauge and he was succeeded by Björn (III) Eriksson (the father of Eric the Victorious and Olof Björnsson). Harald Fairhair's saga relates that Erik died when Harald Fairhair had been king of all Norway for ten years, i.e. 882.

According to Snorri, he did not only pillage extensively in the East, he also fought wars against Harald Fairhair, the founder of the Norwegian kingdom. According to the Heimskringla, Erik was also the king of West Götaland, Dalsland, Värmland, and all of Viken, but the saga relates that he lost all of those provinces except for West Götaland to Harald Fairhair.

Erik is mentioned in several places in the Heimskringla. In the saga of Olaf Haraldsson, Thorgny Lawspeaker relates:

My grandfather Thorgny could well remember the Upsala king Eirik Eymundson, and used to say of him that when he was in his best years he went out every summer on expeditions to different countries, and conquered for himself Finland, Kirjalaland, Courland, Esthonia, and the eastern countries all around; and at the present day the earth-bulwarks, ramparts, and other great works which he made are to be seen. And, more over, he was not so proud that he would not listen to people who had anything to say to him

In Harald Fairhair's saga
In the Harald Fairhair's saga, Snorri Sturluson relates that Erik also wanted to extend Sweden westwards and to make a kingdom for himself as large as that of the Swedish king Sigurd Ring and his son Ragnar Lodbrok (i.e. Raumarike, Vingulmark and Westfold all the way to island of Grenmar). Thus he conquered Vermland, West Götaland and all the land south of Svinesund (modern Bohuslän) and claimed the shores of Viken as his own. He placed Hrane Gautske (Hrane the Geat) as Jarl of the land between Svinesund and Göta älv. In these territories the people accepted Erik as their king.

When King Harald Fairhair arrived at Tønsberg (in Viken, and at the time a trading town) from Trondheim he learnt of this and became very angry. He assembled the ting at Fold and accused the people of treason after which some had to accept his rule, while others were punished. He then spent the summer forcing Viken and Raumarike to accept his rule.

When the winter arrived Harald learnt that the Swedish king was in Vermland, after which he crossed the Ed forest and ordered the people to arrange a feast in his tribute.

The most powerful man in the province was a man named Åke, who had formerly been one of Halfdan the Black's men, and he invited both the Norwegian king and the Swedish king to his halls. Åke had built a new hall instead of his old one, which was ornamented in the same splendid manner, but the old hall only had old ornaments and hangings.

When the kings arrived, the Swedish king was placed in the old hall, whereas the Norwegian king was placed in the new one. The Norwegian king found himself in a hall with new gilded vessels carved with figures and shining like glass, full of the best liquor.

The next day, the kings prepared to leave. Bidding his farewell Åke gave to Harald's service his own twelve year old son Ubbe. Harald thanked Åke and promised him is friendship.

Then Åke talked to the Swedish king, who was in a bad mood. Åke gave him valuable gifts and followed the king on the road until they came to the woods. Erik asked Åke why he, who was his man, had made such a difference between him and the Norwegian king. Åke answered that there was nothing to blame Erik for but that he had got the old things and the old hall because he was old whereas the Norwegian king was in the bloom of his youth. Åke also answered the he was no less the Swedish king's man than the Swedish king was his man. Hearing the words of treason, Erik had no other choice but to slay the impudent and treacherous Åke.

When Harald learnt of this, he pursued the Swedish king until they saw the Swedish king, but then they had arrived at the border of Götaland and considered it best to return. Harald then spent the rest of the autumn killing all the Swedish king's men in Vermland.

In the winter, Harald plundered and burnt in Ranrike. Because of this the Norwegian skald Thorbjörn Hornklofe boasted that the Swedes stayed indoors whereas the Norwegians were out on the sea.

The Norseman's king is on the sea,
Tho' bitter wintry cold it be.
On the wild waves his Yule keeps he.
When our brisk king can get his way,
He'll no more by the fireside stay
Than the young sun; he makes us play
The game of the bright sun-god Frey.
But the soft Swede loves well the fire
The well-stuffed couch, the doway glove,
And from the hearth-seat will not move.
The Gauts (Geats) did not accept this and assembled their forces. In the spring, they put stakes in Göta älv to stop Harald's ships. Harald Fairhair put his ships alongside the stakes and plundered and burnt everything he could reach. The Norwegian skald said of this:

The king who finds a dainty feast,
For battle-bird and prowling beast,
Has won in war the southern land
That lies along the ocean's strand.
The leader of the helmets, he
Who leads his ships o'er the dark sea,
Harald, whose high-rigged masts appear
Like antlered fronts of the wild deer,
Has laid his ships close alongside
Of the foe's piles with daring pride.
The Geats arrived to the ships with a great army to fight king Harald, but they lost after great manfall. Then the Norwegians travelled far and wide in Götaland, winning most of the battles. In one of the battles, Rane Gautske fell. Harald then proclaimed himself the ruler of all land north of Göta älv and north and west of lake Vänern and placed Guttorm Haraldsson to defend the region with a large force.

Parents: Semi-legendary King Anund Uppsale of SWEDEN.

Children were: Semi-Legendary King Bjorn Eriksson III of SWEDEN.

King Eric VI of SWEDEN died between 994 and 995 in unknown. He was born Unknown in unknown. Eric the Victorious (VI), Old Norse: Eiríkr inn sigrsæli, Modern Swedish: Erik Segersäll, (970 - 994 or 995), was king of the Swedes during the second half of the 10th century.

The extent of his kingdom is disputed. In addition to the Swedish heartland round lake Mälaren it may have extended down the Baltic Sea coast as far south as Blekinge.

The Norse sagas relate that he was the son of Björn Eriksson and that he ruled together with his brother Olof Björnsson. He married Sigrid the Haughty, the daughter of the legendary Viking Skagul Toste, but would later divorce her and give her Götaland as a fief. Before this happened, his brother Olof died, and a new co-ruler had to be appointed. The Swedes refused to accept his rowdy nephew Styrbjörn Starke as his co-ruler and the controversy was settled when Eric suggested that the new co-ruler would be his and Sigrid's unborn child, on condition that it was a son. Styrbjörn was given 60 longships by Eric and sailed away to live as a Viking. Styrbjörn would become the ruler of Jomsborg and an ally and brother-in-law of the Danish king Harold Bluetooth. Styrbjörn returned to Sweden with a major Danish army, which Eric defeated in the Battle of the Fýrisvellir at Old Uppsala.

According to Adam of Bremen, Eric would conquer Denmark and chase away its king Sweyn Forkbeard and proclaimed himself the king of Sweden and Denmark which he ruled until his death which would have taken place in 994 or 995. He is said to have been baptised in Denmark, but later returned to the Norse gods.

In all probability he founded the town of Sigtuna, which still exists and where the first Swedish coins were stamped for his son and successor Olof Skötkonung.

However, Adam of Bremen only gives Emund Eriksson as predecessor to Eric the Victorious, but it is possible that Emund and Björn were co-rulers, like Erik and Olof and their semi-legendary ancestors Björn at Hauge and Anund Uppsale.

Parents: Semi-Legendary King Bjorn Eriksson III of SWEDEN.

Spouse: Sigrid the Haughty or Gunhilda. King Eric VI of SWEDEN and Sigrid the Haughty or Gunhilda were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: King Olof of SWEDEN.

King Igne I of SWEDEN was born Unknown in unknown. He died Unknown in unknown. Inge Stenkilsson (king 1079-1084 and 1087-1105) ruled with his half-brother Halsten, until Halsten died, in 1080. He had became co-ruler about 1079 because he is then mentioned as the king of the Swedes in a papal letter.

Inge had spent much of his youth in Russia at Staraja Ladoga. While in Russia he married his wife, Helena. Her origin is unknown but she was probably Russian or Greek. Their children were:

Kristina, married Grand Duke Mstislav of Kiev, and ancestress of several Kievan and Novgorod princes.
Ragnvald, died before 1105. His daughter, Ingigerd, was the mother of pretender (and alleged murderer) Magnus Henriksson
Margareta Fredkulla, married (1) Magnus Barefoot king of Norway; (2) king Niels of Denmark; through her second marriage, she was the mother of King Magnus the Strong of Westrogothia and claimant of Denmark
Katarina, married a Danish "Son of King", Björn Ironside Haraldsson with whom she had a daughter Christina Bjornsdatter who married the future Eric IX of Sweden.

He was a fervent Christian who had churches built and bishops appointed. This led to popular rebellion that forced him to leave the Swedish core provinces in Svealand, where the people instated his "brother-in-law" Blot-Sweyn. In a papal letter from Pope Gregory VII in 1081, Inge is no longer king of Sweden, only King of the Visigoths (rege wisigothorum)1, i.e. the king of Västergötland.

In 1087, he travelled with his housecarls through Småland and Östergötland, riding both day and night, until he arrived in Sweden. Having arrived at Old Uppsala, he surrounded the hall of Blot-Sweyn, and set the hall on fire. When the king ran out, he was immediately slain. This is probably the date of the destruction of the Temple at Uppsala.

During the late part of his reign, Inge fought the Norwegian king Magnus Barefoot. At the ensuing peace of Kungahälla, he married his daughter Margareta to Magnus Barefoot whereupon she was given the cognomen Fredkulla, peace-maker. Inge died in his bed, and was succeed by his nephews Inge II and Philip, sons of his brother Halsten Stenkilsson.

Spouse: Helena. King Igne I of SWEDEN and Helena were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Margareta FREDKULLA, Kristina, Ragnvald, Katarina.

King Olof of SWEDEN was born about 960 in unknown. Baptism: in 1008. He died between 1020 and 1021 in unknown. Olof of Sweden or Olof Skötkonung/Skottkonung (the meaning of the cognomen is disputed) was the son of Eric the Victorious and Sigrid the Haughty. He was probably born in the latter part of the 960s and he succeeded his father ca 994. Our knowledge of Olof is mostly based on Snorri Sturluson's accounts, which have been subject to criticism from source-critical scholars.

According to the Sagas, his father Eric the Victorious ruled together with Eric's brother Olof Björnsson. When Olof Björnsson died, Olof was proclaimed co-ruler instead of his cousin Styrbjörn Starke. This happened before he was even born. At his father's death, he inherited the throne of Sweden and became its sole ruler.

In a Viking expedition to Wendland, he had captured Edla, the daughter of a Wendish chieftain, and she gave him the son Emund (who was to become king of Sweden), and the daughter Astrid. He later married Estrid, a Christian girl and she bore him the son Anund Jacob and the daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter.

Olof is said to have preferred royal sports to war and therefore, Sweyn Forkbeard retook Denmark, which Olof's father Eric had conquered. Olof also lost the right to tribute which his predecessors long had preserved in the Baltic States.

In 1000, he allied with Sweyn Forkbeard, who was married to Olof's mother, and with the Norwegian Jarls Eric and Sven, against the Norwegian King Olaf Tryggvason. Olaf Tryggvason died in the Battle of Svolder and Olof gained a part of Trøndelag as well as modern Bohuslän.

When the Norwegian kingdom was reestablished by Olaf II of Norway, a new war erupted between Norway and Sweden. Many men in both Sweden and Norway tried to reconcile the kings. In 1018, Olof's cousin, the earl of Westrogothia, Ragnvald Ulfsson and the Norwegian king's emissaries Björn Stallare and Halte Skeggesson had arrived at the thing of Uppsala in an attempt to sway the Swedish king to accept peace and as a warrant marry his daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter to the king of Norway. The Swedish king was greatly angered and threatened to banish Ragnvald from his kingdom, but Ragnvald was supported by his foster-father Thorgny Lawspeaker, who was the wisest and most respected man in Sweden.

Thorgny rose and delivered a powerful speech in which he reminded the king of the great Viking expeditions in the East that predecessors such as Erik Eymundsson and Björn had undertaken, without having the hubris not to listen to his men's advice. Torgny, himself, had taken part in many successful pillaging expeditions with Olof's father Eric the Victorious and even Eric had listened to his men. The present king wanted nothing but Norway, which no Swedish king before him had desired. This displeased the Swedish people, who were eager to follow the king on new ventures in the East to win back the kingdoms that paid tribute to his ancestors, but it was the wish of the people that the king make peace with the king of Norway and give him his daughter Ingegerd as queen.

Thorgny finished his speech by saying: if you do not desire to do so, we shall assault you and kill you and not brook anymore of your warmongering and obstinacy. Our ancestors have done so, who at Mula thing threw five kings in a well, kings who were too arrogant as you are against us.

These arguments convinced Olof to follow his people's advice. However, Olof showed no signs of wanting to keep his promise, but married his daughter to Yaroslav I the Wise instead, and then the Swedes became restless. However, the impending rebellion was settled when Olof agreed to share his power with his son Anund Jacob. Olof was also forced to accept a settlement with Olaf II of Norway at Kungahälla, who already had been married (unbeknownst to Olof) with Olof's daughter, Astrid, through the Geatish jarl Ragnvald Ulfsson.

Olof was baptised, probably by the missionary Sigfrid, c.1008, and he was the first Swedish king to remain Christian until his death. However, according to Adam of Bremen, the fact that the vast majority of the Swedes were still pagan forced him to limit Christian activities to the already Christian border province of Westrogothia.

His death is said to have taken place in the winter of 1020-1021.

Since the 1740s, it has been claimed that he was buried in Husaby in the Christian part of his kingdom, but it should be noted that such identifications are speculation, and by no means uncontroversial.

Parents: King Eric VI of SWEDEN and Sigrid the Haughty or Gunhilda.

Spouse: Estrid. King Olof of SWEDEN and Estrid were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Ingegerd OLOFSDOTTER, Anund JACOB.

Spouse: Edla. King Olof of SWEDEN and Edla were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Emund, Astrid.

Semi-legendary King Ragnar Lodbrok of SWEDEN died in 865 in Northumbria. He was born Unknown in unknown. Ragnar Lodbrok ("Hairy-Breeches", Old Norse: Ragnarr Loðbrók) was a semi-legendary king of Sweden and Denmark who reigned sometime in the eighth or ninth centuries. According to the Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus, Ragnar belonged to the Swedish Yngling Dynasty. Both Saxo and Icelandic sources describe him as the son of Sigurd Ring, a king of Sweden who conquered Denmark, but they are divided on whether Ragnar mainly resided in Sweden or in Denmark.

Although he is something of a hero in his native Scandinavia, reliable accounts of his life are very sketchy and heavily based on ancient Viking sagas. Even the dating of his reign is not certain; there are sources that date it from 750-794, and others from 860-865. Neither matches with what we know of him, and he probably held power as a warlord from approximately 835 to his death in 865, perhaps only being recognized as king in the last five years of his life.

Life
Ragnar was a pagan who claimed to be a direct descendant of the god Odin. One of his favorite strategies was to attack Christian cities on holy feast days, knowing that many soldiers would be in church.

Raids
He spent most of his life as a pirate and raider, invading one country after another. He would generally accept a huge payment to leave his victims alone, only to come back later and demand more riches in exchange for leaving. But as the extent of his realm shows, he was also a gifted military leader.

France
By 845, he was a powerful ruler and most likely a contemporary of the first ruler of Russia, the Viking Rurik. It is said he was always seeking new adventures because he was worried that his freebooting sons would do things that outshone his own achievements.

In that year, he sailed southward, looking for new worlds to conquer. With 120 ships and 5,000 Viking warriors, he landed in modern France, probably at the Seine estuary, and ravaged West Francia, as the westernmost part of the Frankish empire as it was then known.

Also in 845, Paris was captured and held ransom by a Viking raider, whom the sagas say was Ragnar Lodbrok. The traditional date for this is March 28, which is today referred to as Ragnar Lodbrok Day by certain followers of the Asatru religion. The King of West Francia, Charlemagne?s grandson Charles II "The Bald", paid him a fantastic amount of money not to destroy the city. Ragnar Lodbrok, according to Viking sources, was satisfied with no less than 7,000 pounds of silver in exchange for sparing the city. However, that did not stop Ragnar from attacking other parts of France, and it took a long time for the Franks to drive him out.

England
After he was done with France, he turned his attention to England. In 865, he landed in Northumbria on the northeast coast of England. It is claimed that here he was defeated in battle for the only time, by King Aelle II of Northumbria. Aelle's men captured Ragnar, and the King ordered him thrown into a pit filled with poisonous snakes. As he was slowly being bitten to death, he was alleged to have exclaimed "How the little pigs would grunt if they knew the situation of the old boar!"

Legacy
One Viking saga states that when his four sons heard the manner of his death, they all reacted in great sorrow. Hvitserk, who was playing tafl, gripped the piece so hard that he bled from his fingernails. Björn Ironside grabbed a spear so tightly that he left an impression in it, and Sigurd Snake-Eye, who was trimming his nails, cut straight through to the bone.

Ragnar’s fourth son, Ivar the Boneless soon learned the details of his father’s death and swore that he would avenge his father’s killing, in time-honored Viking tradition. In 866, Ivar crossed the North Sea with a large army, met King Aelle in battle, and captured him. He sentenced him to die according to the custom of Rista Blodörn, an exceedingly painful death.

Also directing his attacks against England, Ubbe, another of Ragnar's sons, accompanied by his brother Hingua, led an attack on the monasteries of Bardonnay and Croyland, and in the Monastery of Medeshampstede his army slew 80 monks, according to tradition. It is also held that Ubbe sacked York at one point, and eventually captured Edmund, King of Mercia, and was granted the lands south of the Tyne and north of Nottingham. There is also a belief that some Ubbe's descendants were among the Vikings who eventually settled in Normandy.

Although this story may not be accurate, like virtually all tales concerning Ragnar Lodbrok, his death had serious consequences. Ivar was the mastermind behind the attacks on the English mainland in the final quarter of the ninth century. He invaded East Anglia, and the following year attacked York. He was aided by the internal struggle for power in Northumbria which he was of course responsible for by killing Aelle. These wars were a prelude to the long struggle of the Saxons of Alfred the Great against the Danes a generation later.

Meanwhile, in France, the Vikings kept coming back for more booty. Among their feats was destroying the city of Rouen several times. Ultimately, many of them settled there permanently, in a land that became known as Normandy (for "Northmen", as the Franks called the Scandinavians).

Mythology
Bragi Boddason is said to have composed the Ragnarsdrápa for the Swedish king Björn at Hauge. However, this does not correspond to what we know about the historical Ragnar. It is consequently said that in the Norse sagas, he was identified with a Swedish king Ragnar (770-785), the son of Sigurd Ring. According to legend, he married Aslaug and became the son-in-law of Sigurd the Völsung.

Children were: Semi-legendary King Björn Ironside of SWEDEN, Ragnvald, Hvitserk, Ivar the BONELESS, Sigurd SNAKE-EYE.

Martha Signe SWENSON was born on 12 Sep 1920 in Taylorville, Salt Lake, Utah. She died on 1 Dec 1984 in unknown. She was buried in Kelseyville, Lake, California.

Spouse: Allyn Bernard GOODPASTURE. Allyn Bernard GOODPASTURE and Martha Signe SWENSON were married on 15 May 1954 in Hawthorne, Los Angles, California.

Unknown SWERTFEGER was born unknown in unknown. He died unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Elsie Eleanor RHODES. Unknown SWERTFEGER and Elsie Eleanor RHODES were married unknown in unknown.

Elizabeth SWETMAN was born unknown in unknown. She died unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Eli P. KASH. Eli P. KASH and Elizabeth SWETMAN were married unknown in unknown.

Anne of SWIDNICA was born in 1339 in unknown. She died in 1362 in unknown.

Spouse: Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV. Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV and Anne of SWIDNICA were married Unknown in unknown. Children were: Holy Roman Emperor Wenceslaus, Elisabeth of BOHEMIA.

Deborah SWIFT was born unknown in unknown. She died unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Jonathan TOBEY. Jonathan TOBEY and Deborah SWIFT were married on 19 Feb 1740 in Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Elizabeth SWIFT died on 30 Mar 1748/49 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. She was born unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Thomas TOBEY. Thomas TOBEY and Elizabeth SWIFT were married on 27 Feb 1740/41 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. Children were: Sylvanus TOBEY, Thomas TOBEY, Seth TOBEY.

Hannah SWIFT was born on 11 Mar 1651 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. She died in Mar 1720/21 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts.

Spouse: Ambrose FISH. Ambrose FISH and Hannah SWIFT were married about 1674/75 in unknown. Children were: Abiah FISH, Mehitable FISH.

Spouse: Thomas TOBEY. Thomas TOBEY and Hannah SWIFT were married about 1692 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts.

Sara Bumpas SWIFT was born about 1754 in Sandwich, Barnstable, Massachusetts. She died Unknown in unknown.

Spouse: Benjamin TOBEY. Benjamin TOBEY and Sara Bumpas SWIFT were married Unknown in unknown.

James Hezekiah SWIGART was born on 1 Apr 1880 in Freemont County, Iowa. He died on 9 Apr 1934 in Yakima County, Washington.

Spouse: Rena Sawyer YOUNG. James Hezekiah SWIGART and Rena Sawyer YOUNG were married on 3 Sep 1921 in Yakima, Yakima, Washington.